Rabbits are popular pets known for their playful personalities and gentle nature. However, they require specialized care to maintain their health and well-being. Because rabbits tend to hide signs of illness, owners must be vigilant in recognizing early symptoms of common health problems. Below are some of the most frequent veterinary issues that affect pet rabbits.

Dental Problems

Rabbits have continuously growing teeth, which can lead to serious dental issues if not properly managed. Overgrown or misaligned teeth can cause pain, difficulty eating, and abscesses. Signs of dental problems include:

• Drooling or wet fur around the mouth

• Loss of appetite or difficulty chewing

• Weight loss

• Swelling around the jaw

Providing a high-fiber diet with plenty of hay helps wear down teeth naturally and prevent overgrowth. Regular veterinary check-ups are essential for monitoring dental health.

Gastrointestinal Stasis (GI Stasis)

GI stasis is a life-threatening condition where the digestive system slows down or stops completely. It can be caused by stress, dehydration, poor diet, or underlying illness. Symptoms include:

• Lack of appetite

• Small or no fecal pellets

• Lethargy

• A bloated or painful abdomen

Immediate veterinary treatment is required, as GI stasis can be fatal if not addressed quickly. A fiber-rich diet, proper hydration, and exercise help prevent this condition.

Respiratory Infections

Rabbits are prone to respiratory infections, often caused by bacteria such as Pasteurella multocida. Symptoms include:

• Sneezing and nasal discharge

• Watery eyes

• Labored breathing

• Lethargy

Respiratory infections can become chronic if left untreated, so veterinary intervention is crucial. Maintaining a clean environment with good ventilation helps reduce the risk.

Ear Mites and Other Parasites

Ear mites (Psoroptes cuniculi) are a common problem in rabbits, leading to intense itching and discomfort. Other parasites, such as fleas and intestinal worms, can also affect rabbit health. Signs of infestation include:

• Head shaking or scratching at ears

• Crusty buildup inside the ears

• Hair loss or excessive grooming

• Weight loss or diarrhea (in the case of internal parasites)

Veterinary treatment, including anti-parasitic medications, is necessary to eliminate mites and other parasites. Regular grooming and habitat cleaning help prevent infestations.

Urinary Tract Issues

Rabbits can develop urinary tract problems, including bladder sludge (a buildup of calcium deposits) and infections. Symptoms include:

• Straining to urinate

• Blood in the urine

• Frequent urination or incontinence

• Lethargy and loss of appetite

A proper diet with balanced calcium levels and plenty of hydration is essential in preventing urinary issues. If symptoms appear, a veterinarian should be consulted for appropriate treatment.

Flystrike (Myiasis)

Flystrike is a serious condition where flies lay eggs on a rabbit’s fur, usually around the hindquarters, leading to maggot infestation. It occurs most often in rabbits with poor hygiene, obesity, or mobility issues. Signs of flystrike include:

• Sudden lethargy

• Loss of appetite

• Visible maggots or irritated skin

Flystrike is a medical emergency that requires immediate veterinary care. Keeping a rabbit’s living area clean and checking their fur daily helps prevent this dangerous condition.

Conclusion

Rabbits are delicate animals that require attentive care and regular veterinary visits to stay healthy. By recognizing the signs of common illnesses early and providing a proper diet, hygiene, and exercise, owners can ensure their rabbits live long and happy lives. If you notice any concerning symptoms, seek veterinary assistance promptly to prevent complications and improve your rabbit’s well-being.